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Electric Field:
The region around a charge particle is called field.
Source charge: The point charge producing electric field is known as source charge.
Test charge: The charge experiencing a force in the field of source charge.
Electric Field Intensity:
The electric field intensity at any point due to a source charge is defined as the force experienced by a unit positive test charge.
Properties:- It is a vector quantity.
- Its direction is same as the force experienced by positive charge.
- It obeys superposition principle.
Electric Field Lines:
Electric field lines are straight or curved imaginary lines. If a tangent is drawn at any point on it, gives the direction of electric field intensity at that point.
Properties:
- The electric field lines starts from a positive charge & ends on a negative charge.
- The tangent to the electric field line gives the direction of field intensity.
- No two electric field lines can intersect each other.
- These lines are always perpendicular to surface.
- They are closely packed in strong electric field region and farther apart in weak electric field region.
- They don't form closed loops.
- Electric field lines do not pass through a conductor.
- Electric field lines pass through dielectric.
Electric field intensity due to a point charge:
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