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COULOMB’S LAW:
It states that the electro-static
force of attraction or repulsion between two charged bodies is directly
proportional to the product of their charges and varies inversely as the square
of the distance between the two bodies.
F = Kq1q2/r2
Here, K=Coulomb’s
Constant
K = 1/4πε0 =
9×109 Nm2C -2 (in free
space)
Fa =1/4πε0 × q1q2/r2
ε0=Permittivity
of free space=8.854 × 10 -12 C2 N-1 m-2
(Permittivity is a measure of how easy or difficult it
is to form an electric field inside of a medium.)
Coulomb’s law for a medium other than air can be written as,
Fm=1/4πε × q1q2/r2
ε=
Permittivity of medium.
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Relative Permittivity (εr) or Dielectric Constant (K):
Ø
The relative Permittivity of a medium is defined
as the ratio of electrostatic force (Fa) between two point charges
separated by a certain distance in air or vacuum to the electrostatic force (Fm)
between the same two point charges separated by the same distance in a medium.
εr = Fa/ Fm
Ø
The relative permittivity (εr)
of a medium is defined as the ratio between its permittivity of the medium (ε)
and the permittivity (ε0) of the free space.
εr = ε/ε0
Ø
Dielectric Constant of a medium decreases with
increase in temperature. Value of K for water at 200C=80 & K for
water at 250C=78.5
 |
| Value of Dielectric Constant |
B
 |
| DIMENSIONAL FORMULA |
Characteristics of Coulomb’s Force:
- ü It is a central force that is it acts along a line joining the centres of the particles or bodies.
- ü The force is spherically symmetric as it is a function of r (distance between charges) only.
- ü It obeys inverse square law (F α 1/r2).
- ü The force may be attractive or repulsive.
- ü The force is not affected by the presence of other charges. Hence electrostatic force is a two-body interaction.
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